# Lesson Plan: Grammar (Clauses, Sentence Structure)
## Year 5 English
### Objective
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
1. Identify different types of clauses (independent and dependent).
2. Understand and use proper sentence structure.
3. Construct sentences using a variety of clauses.
### Materials
- Whiteboard and markers
- Projector and slides (optional)
- Handouts with examples of sentences and clauses
- Scissors, glue, and paper for activity
- Worksheets for practice
- Digital devices (if available) for interactive activities
### Common Core Standards
- ELA-Literacy.L.5.1: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
### Time
60 minutes
### Lesson Structure
#### Introduction (10 minutes)
1. **Greetings and Objective Introduction**
- Greet the students and briefly explain the objectives of the lesson.
- Example: "Today, we are going to learn about clauses and sentence structure. We'll learn how to spot different types of clauses, and we'll practice making our sentences more interesting and correct."
2. **Quick Review of Previous Lessons**
- If applicable, quickly revisit any relevant previous topics, such as simple sentences and basic parts of speech.
#### Direct Instruction (15 minutes)
1. **What is a Clause?**
- Define a clause: a group of words that includes a subject and a predicate.
- Explain Independent Clauses: These can stand alone as a sentence.
- Example: "I like ice cream."
- Explain Dependent Clauses: These cannot stand alone and need an independent clause to form a complete sentence.
- Example: "Because I was hungry..."
2. **Sentence Structure**
- Discuss the different types of sentences based on structure:
- Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause.
- Example: "The cat slept."
- Compound Sentence: Contains two independent clauses joined by a conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
- Example: "The cat slept, and the dog barked."
- Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
- Example: "The cat slept because it was tired."
#### Guided Practice (15 minutes)
1. **Identifying Clauses**
- Distribute handouts with sentences. Have students work in pairs to identify independent and dependent clauses with different colored markers.
- Example sentences:
- "Although it was raining, the match continued."
- "She cooked dinner while he set the table."
2. **Creating Sentences**
- Provide a mix-and-match activity where students cut out independent and dependent clauses and match them to form complex sentences. Glue them onto paper for display.
#### Interactive Activity (10 minutes)
1. **Sentence Building Game**
- Use an interactive digital tool or whiteboard for a sentence-building game. Write a random independent clause and prompt students to come up with a suitable dependent clause and vice versa.
- Example: Start with "Because I woke up late..." and have students finish with their clauses.
#### Independent Practice (10 minutes)
1. **Worksheet**
- Hand out worksheets with exercises on identifying and creating sentences using clauses. Include elements of differentiating simple, compound, and complex sentences.
- Questions:
- Identify the independent clause: "When the bell rang, the students hurried to their seats."
- Combine: "The dog barked." "The cat hissed."
#### Conclusion (5 minutes)
1. **Review and Reflect**
- Recap the day's lesson by asking students to share one thing they learned.
- Address any remaining questions.
2. **Homework Assignment**
- Assign students to write a short paragraph at home containing at least one simple, compound, and complex sentence.
### Assessment
- Observe students during guided practice and interactive activities to check their understanding.
- Review the worksheets and homework for correct identification and construction of sentences.
### Extension
- For advanced students, introduce compound-complex sentences and provide additional practice.
### Differentiation
- Provide extra support and simplified activities for students who need them.
- Use paired or group activities to encourage peer learning.